Barclays Bank PLC Is A Multinational Company Essay Example for Free

Barclays Bank PLC Is A Multinational Company Essay Conveniences to pull in profoundly talented and innovative people at exceptionally significant levels ? Convention of closeness to key clients and target clients A business can separate itself by playing out its current worth exercises or reconfiguring in some exceptional manners. What's more, the manageability of that separation will rely upon two things: a continuation of its high seen an incentive to purchasers and an absence of impersonation by contenders. There are numerous option vital headings in which Barclaycard could actualize in their present procedure of separation. These may incorporate innovation development or item/administration separation. Item/administration separation Product separation happens when, inferable from contrasts in physical properties, subordinate assistance, geographic area, data, and additionally emotional picture, one firms items are plainly favored by probably a few purchasers over opponent items at a given cost (, 1990, ). For firms looking to make their interest bend less versatile, effective separation gives a protected situation against contenders by empowering firms to sell a bigger amount at a given cost or by permitting the firm to make brand reliability in clients bringing about lower affectability to cost. This uniqueness may fabricate a section hindrance for contenders to defeat (, 1992; , 1980). Be that as it may, being special may require an exchange off with venture if accomplishing separation requires exorbitant exertion, for example, broad exploration, item structure, great materials, or concentrated client care. In this manner, the organizations utilizing the separation methodology can't disregard expenses and hazard (, 1980). Even item separation centers around contrasts in trait assortment among contending brands. It happens when one brand contains a greater amount of certain qualities however less of some different credits in contrast with another brand (). Shoppers various tastes will misuse contrasting solid and feeble focuses among brands given indistinguishable costs (, 1992). The move towards commercialization is quickening with critical ramifications in a large number of the business sectors in which we work. Generally, our view is that industrialism includes a move in power from organizations towards purchasers. The quick change of the charge card industry †first with the cutting off of the conventional tie between financial balances and Visas and second, with the development of credit as a genuine item in the Visa business outlines this so well. Shoppers in the past were appreciative in the event that they got acknowledge it was viewed as a privilege allowed to a unique not many by a bank and henceforth banks held control over people. The offer was the accessibility of credit. Innovation For the situation of Barclaycard, it is could improve its tasks and upper hand through continuous structure information driven devices. This apparatus would improve their credit limit methodologies and increment their enthusiasm gaining balances. A Fair, Isaac Model Builder for the choice trees might be utilized as this apparatus utilizes recorded information to help with recognizing ideal record the board methodologies. Reasonable, Isaac Model Builder for Decision Trees is a PC Windows based application structured explicitly to help information driven technique plan. It enables banks to quickly make new procedures progressively utilizing numerous exhibition measurements, to process enormous datasets quickly so techniques anytime for more prominent comprehension of the portfolio and moves systems to and from creation application effortlessly, placing new methodologies into creation quicker. This constant, exceptionally intuitive methodology significantly abbreviates the time between technique creation and turn out. With Barclaycard goals of the new systems to build enthusiasm bearing adjusts, increment turnover, control terrible obligation, and address wearing down, Fair, Fair Isaac can be a major assistance for the association. While the normal number of cards in a person’s wallet has expanded in the course of the most recent five years, the incentive to a person of having various cards will lessen in a situation where credit is an item.

Computer History Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PC History - Term Paper Example The arrangement depends on specific timeframes the PCs was improved during. Each age is described by the new innovation. The main time frame is 1937 †1946. It is portrayed by the formation of the main PC. It was electronic computerized devise made by Clifford Berry and John V. Atanasoff. The machine was named after its makers - Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). Surely, this PC and different machines made in its picture and resemblance were not great, they couldn't perform muddled errands and had no working framework. There is an intriguing actuality that when one of the principal PCs was turned on, the close by locales were out of intensity for quite a while. The subsequent period kept going from 1947 till 1962. During this period the PCs were improved as vacuum tubes was changed for transistors. These PCs were at that point utilized in the business world and there were many programming dialects made for them. PCs turned out to be incredible and fit for performing various assignme nts without a moment's delay. Third era is 1963-present. It is portrayed the by the formation of incorporated circuit. This improvement made the PCs progressively reduced, gave them more force and many various capacities including the accessibility to run a few projects without a moment's delay. Microsoft Disk Operating System was created in 1980 and the working framework Windows that is utilized presently was conceived in 1990s. In 1980 Japanese specialists made a ten-year plan. They wanted to build up the new age of PCs with new capacities. â€Å"This was a fascinating arrangement for two reasons. Right off the bat, it isn't at all truly clear what the fourth era is, or even whether the third era had completed at this point. Also, it was an endeavor to characterize an age of PCs before they had appeared. The primary prerequisites of the 5G machines was that they consolidate the highlights of Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Natural Language† (Mannell). The arran gement was promising on the grounds that it was planned for delivering PCs with specific limits. Japanese specialists needed new PCs to have the option to play out the errands, which people can perform. They were intended to have the option to learn and speak with individuals. These capacities are particularly intriguing and advantageous for language specialists. In spite of the fact that these objectives have not been reached at this point, steady advancement of PCs makes it conceivable to contact them in future. Talking about PCs it is incomprehensible also equal figuring. It is a thought planned for improving computers’ limit. Toward the starting all the PCs were sequential with just a single processor, anyway then it was chosen to concoct PCs with a few processors as they would have the option to play out a few errands without a moment's delay all the more productively and the projects would run quicker. â€Å"Having different processors doesn't really imply that equal r egistering will work naturally. The working framework must have the option to convey programs between the processors (eg. late forms of Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X can do this). An individual program may have the option to exploit numerous processors if the programming language it's written in can circulate errands inside a program between different processors. For instance, OpenMP bolsters equal programming in Fortran and C/C++† (Mannell). The steady improvement of a PC made it great and

Announcing the 2019 Man Booker International Prize Winner

Announcing the 2019 Man Booker International Prize Winner The 2019  Man Booker International Prize Winner is Celestial Bodies  by Jokha Alharthi, translated from Arabic by Marilyn Booth.  The £50,000 prize, which celebrates the finest works of translated fiction from around the world, will be divided equally between the author and translator. Its a particularly momentous occasion as  Jokha Alharthi is the first female Omani novelist to be translated into English and the first author from the Arabian Gulf to win the prize. The shortlist  as a whole was also remarkable, as five of the six finalists were women and all of the books were from independent publishers.  Celestial Bodies is set in the Omani village of al-Awafi and follows the stories of three sisters. Chair of the panel of judges, Bethany Hughes writes that, Celestial Bodies is  A book to win over the head and the heart in equal measure, worth lingering over. Interweaving voices and timelines are beautifully served by the pacing of the novel. Its delicate artistry draws us into a richly imagined communityâ€"opening out to tackle profound questions of time and mortality and disturbing aspects of our shared history. The style is a metaphor for the subject, subtly resisting clichés of race, slavery and gender. The translation is precise and lyrical, weaving in the cadences of both poetry and everyday speech. Celestial Bodies evokes the forces that constrain us and those that set us free. We’re delighted to announce our #MBI2019 winner is Celestial Bodies by Jokha Alharthi, translated by Marilyn Booth and published by Sandstone Press. Read more here: https://t.co/rWHBRXwDOy pic.twitter.com/SfJr2Yg98u â€" Man Booker Prize (@ManBookerPrize) May 21, 2019 The panel of judges included award-winning historian, author and broadcaster Bettany Hughes; writer, translator and chair of English PEN Maureen Freely; philosopher Professor Angie Hobbs; novelist and satirist Elnathan John and essayist and novelist Pankaj Mishra. Next year, the prize will be known as the International Booker Prize, as the sponsorship from the Man Group comes to an end and the prize’s new sponsor Crankstart begins funding. Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books.

Innocence Is Lost As An Effect Of War And Causes Trauma After

The theme states that innocence is lost as an effect of war and causes trauma after, which is emphasized through the theme’s application towards the different characters. For instance, Rahela in the beginning of the book is brought in as a baby, but develops a sickness as well during the war. The war causes the family of Rahela to have less and less resources to take care of Rahela. The war directly affected Rahela in her life through her sickness, but she is taken to America to be taken care of. As a result of Rahela’s parents death later on, she is raised with her new family in America and is later joined by Ana. The trauma that should have came from the war affecting her life is not shown with Rahela later in her life because of the†¦show more content†¦Relating two characters through their similar take on a proposed traumatic event utilizes characterization and symbolism to develop the theme. In the second section of the book, the attacks that happened on 9 /11 were put in the perspective of Ana. The events of 9/11 were awful but Ana does not feel as though her life has changed because she was not there to experience it face to face. Her opinion of the impact of the events of 9/11 is clear when she says, â€Å"And I was fine, I assured myself when I hung up. After all, nothing had happened to me,† (Sec. 2, Ch. 2, Pg. 109). Here, she acknowledges that the event has happened but that this event happening in the country that she is in is not impacting her directly. Instead of the events of 9/11 causing new traumatic experiences for her, she begins to acknowledge the traumatic events that happened in her past. The realization that Ana made of needing to be there in person in order for any traumatic impact emphasizes a part of the theme that mentions trauma. Trauma, according from Ana’s realization, comes from direct contact between someone and the issue. For instance, in rape victims they develop their trauma from their direc t contact with their situation. However, because the events of 9/11, Ana is able to connect back to the events of her traumatic past leading her to the journey of gaining innocence back. In a way, Ana’s feelings towards the war on America can be compared to the feelings of Luka as well. Luka, duringShow MoreRelatedWwi Essay : World Literature1663 Words   |  7 PagesPeriod 4 12 February 2017 WWI Synthesis Essay â€Å"Love is like war...easy to start, difficult to end, and impossible to forget† (Unknown). With a half century of peace among nations, people were deemed unfit to comprehend the devastating reality behind war. With recent campaigns being brief and victorious, individuals believed this war would be nothing short of the same. Hence, the buzz surrounding the beginning of the war was undeniable, from the young recruits overjoyed, to the participationRead MoreA Long Way Gone : Memoirs Of A Boy Solider1244 Words   |  5 Pages A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of A Boy Solider is a biography of a young man, Ishmael Beah, during his years of growing up as a child of war in Sierra Leone, Africa. The story begins in January of 1993 in his hometown village Mogbwemo. Beah who is twelve at the time is a part of hip-hop dance and music group with his brother Junior, and friend Talloi. The boys leave their village one day to the neighboring city to perform in their friend’s talent show. 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The effects that the war has left on them andRead MoreWilfred Owen : The Greatest English Poet During The First World War Poem Summary1358 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish poet during the First World War. Wilfred Owen notable poems contains the lives and historical records. He wrote out of his intense personal experience as a soldier and wrote with unrivalled power of the physical, moral and psychological trauma of the First World War. From the early age of nineteen, Wilfred Owen wanted to become a poet and immersed himself in poetry, being specially impressed by Keats and Shelly. Wilfred Owen himself involved in the war and volunteered to fight on 21st OctRead MoreSurviving The Wars : Binary Disintegrations Of Homosociality And Homosexuality3237 Words   |  13 PagesMaciej Piorkowski 250651104 ENG 4740F Alicia Robinet December 4, 2014 Surviving The Wars: Binary Disintegrations of Homosociality and Homosexuality An overarching social paradox is inherent in the way Canadian citizens internalize the notion of civic duty; while violent participation in the Great War is lauded as personal and national achievement, post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from significant trauma, physical or social, is also recognized as an integral part of the military consciousnessRead MoreThe Traumitized Life of Holden1747 Words   |  7 Pagesthe mind and helping emotional and mental disorders by inspecting the unconscious mind. According to Jacques Lacan, a psychiatrist, â€Å"Human behavior is often something of puzzle, requiring concerted acts of investigation to discover root causes and multiple effects† (105). Holden Caufield in the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, is a perplexed adolescent that is living in misery and agony from the past. From a psychoanalytical perspective, readers can understand Holden’s behavior throughoutRead MoreEssay Michael Ondaatje’s The Eng lish Patient2406 Words   |  10 PagesMichael Ondaatje’s The English Patient World War II was a traumatic and life-changing experience for all who lived through the time period. Michael Ondaatje’s novel, The English Patient is set in the direct aftermath of this turbulent and violent era. Each of his characters is effected by the death and violence that go hand in hand with war; Hana in particular is profoundly changed by her experience as a nurse in an Italian hospital. 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What Happened At The Macondo Well - 1007 Words

Humans are a poisonous sludge, slowly poisoning ourselves and all other inhabitants. There are many ways we do this, offshore oil drilling being one of them. Offshore oil drilling is the process of drilling into the earth and pulling up petroleum, a natural fuel source made of decomposed organisms. While there are many positive effects, there are too many negative ones for oil drilling to continue. Offshore oil drilling is too dangerous to be considered safe for use in the ecosystem. Not only is it too dangerous, oil rigs are made in an environment many would deem too hazardous for settling any type of structure. Oil drilling kills many people each year and pollutes the marine environment, killing the oceans natural inhabitants.†¦show more content†¦Nature is unpredictable and one cannot prepare for every outcome. While nature is a big factor in well breaches, one main factor is the oil companies’ lack of restrictions. This is demonstrated in National Environmental He alth Association Position on Offshore Oil Drilling, where the author states: An ABC News review of federal records shows that in spite of chronic safety violations, MMS†¦ In a majority of cases in which workers were killed, there was no record of fines paid. When fines were imposed, the maximum penalty was only $25,000 (5). This quote shows how much the oil companies are allowed to get away with. If this were to happen in any other industry, they would have been arrested and forced to pay millions of dollars in fines, but not when it comes to oil because of how much revenue it brings in. The amalgam of these three facts shows the dangers of oil drilling in the extreme environments that oil is found in. In addition, offshore oil drilling causes water pollution and disrupts the marine ecosystem. Doctor Ermal Xhelilaj states in his article, The Behavior and Effects of Oil Pollution into Marine Environment and Oceans† that â€Å"Shorelines are also vulnerable to the oil pollution and a study of the US Coast Guard has revealed that exposed rocky cliffs and seawalls, wave cut rocky platforms, fine to medium-grained sand beaches, coarse-grained sand beaches, mixed sand and gravel beaches, gravel beaches/ riprap

New Venture Financing Case Free Essays

`New venture financing at its core is securing the necessary funding to launch a new business. There are a variety of options for the entrepreneur to secure these funds, and finding the right financing in critical to starting any new business. Investors into a new venture will want to know that there is an acceptable risk/reward threshold for their capital. We will write a custom essay sample on New Venture Financing Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, it is important that the entrepreneur alleviate investor anxiety about the riskiness of the venture. There are several ways of an entrepreneur can portray the investment so that it is perceived to have less risk to the investor’s capital: an entrepreneur can stake his/her own capital in the venture to show the investor that he has a â€Å"horse in the race† as well, he/she may promise to pay back the money invested at an earlier stage in business growth rather than a later stage where the business’ financial status is less certain, or he/she may give investors some form of control in the company through specified terms, loan covenants, or participation in management. There are many entrepreneurs, however, who receive no outside funding for their start-up businesses. â€Å"Bootstrapping,† as it’s called, is when an entrepreneur uses his/her own savings, credit, personal loans, or equity available from a home or car mortgage. This is ideal if the entrepreneur has enough capital to start the business, as they retain 100% of ownership and control. Unfortunately, not all entrepreneurs can fund their new venture without outside help. When starting a new venture, it can be problematic to be burdened with too many liabilities that must be repaid, instead of reinvesting the funds back into the business to stimulate growth. For this reason, equity financing may be a more prudent path. There is a sector of specialized firms that will provide â€Å"seed capital† for a new venture, when the entrepreneur does not have enough capital to begin the new venture on their own. This capital is meant to get an idea off the ground and move it from past the â€Å"idea stage,† until the business has advanced to the stage where it can generate sufficient revenues itself. In this regard, they are considered to be â€Å"angels,† although this term can apply to individual investors as well as firms. â€Å"Angels† are typically those who have an excess of capital and contribute capital to new ventures. Angels may want forms of convertible debt, ownership equity, or management positions or control. To approach anyone for financing it is important to have a business plan. All legal issues regarding stakes and/or ownership should be clearly stated in any business plan, and it may be advantageous to supply a formal offering memorandum to investors. This will legally protect both principals in additional to providing the investors with a well-formulated blueprint for the formation and growth of the new venture. Venture Capital is another source of financing. Venture capital is a pool of equity capital that is professionally managed. Wealth individuals can invest in these funds as limited partners, but usually they are comprised of pension funds and endowments. The general partners of the venture capital firm manage the funds, and are compensated with a fee as well as a percentage of the gains on the investments of the funds. Target returns on the investment in a venture capital fund are between 50% – 60%, although they can be very volatile. Venture capital usually does not take place during the start-up stage of the business cycle; usually is in the 2nd round financing stage. When exploring financing options and potential investors, it is paramount to guard any proprietary material associated with the new venture. Proprietary material is also known as a trade secret, which can be almost anything: a pattern, formula, design, process, or information. Whatever the proprietary information, it gives the entrepreneur a potential competitive advantage over competitors, and is usually not generally know by the public. Protecting proprietary material with confidentiality agreements or non-disclosure agreements is advisable to any entrepreneur. As stated previously, there are different options when selecting financing. Equity ecurities are instruments like common stock and preferred stock, ownership shares in a firm, which derive value from the value of the firm, and are also a claim on a firm’s assets after all senior claims have been satisfied in the event of liquidation. Debt securities can take many forms: bonds, debentures, notes, etc. These debt securities receive higher priority than equity securities, and have the added benefit to the hold of receiving interest payments as well as the pri ncipal payment at the maturity of the security. Some debt instruments can be converted into equity securities depending on their construction. Venture capital firms will often â€Å"syndicate† a large investment: they attempt to entice other firms to take a stake in the investment. This allows venture capital firms to invest in numerous firms, diversifying their portfolios, and decreasing risk. Another form of financing is â€Å"cash flow financing. † Cash flow financing is typically funded by commercial banks, although it can also be obtained from institutional lenders (insurance firms or pension funds), loan institutions, or finance companies, and is a form of debt financing. These can either be short-term, long-term, or line-of-credit obligations. Asset-based financing may be more appealing to a start-up business than cash flow financing because start-ups lack an earnings history. In this form of financing, the firm gives the financier a first lien on assets: assets that can be used for these liens include accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, real estate, personally secured loans, letter-of-credit financing, and government secured loans. Venture leasing, a hybrid financing option, occurs when a piece of equipment must be rented by a new venture for a fixed term. However, since the machine will have depreciated in value by the end of this fixed term, and if the new venture fails, the renter will have a harder time renting a depreciated piece of equipment, venture leasors will want to be able to purchase equity shares of the venture at the current price of financing at some date in the future, in exchange for the additional risk they take in leasing to the new venture. Of course, once your new venture has begun receiving revenues, financing may be internally generated. Profits can be reinvested into the venture to continue growth. Sources of internally generated financing include retained earnings, credit from suppliers, accounts receivable, a reduction in working capital, and the sale of assets. And while these sources can be a beneficial way of raising capital without the help of outside investors, the venture must be wary of becoming too â€Å"lean,† or not having any wiggle room financially. There are a variety of investment possibilities to entrepreneurs in a new venture. Choosing the right one, or combination of financing methods, is critical to the growth and maturity of any venture. Throughout the business life-cycle, there are different stages at which these different financing methods will be helpful, or even necessary, and knowing which one best suits the venture is a vital part of prosperity. How to cite New Venture Financing Case, Papers

Jose Rizal Sample Essay Example For Students

Jose Rizal Sample Essay * El Filibusterismo/El Fili is the subsequence of Jose Rizal’s foremost novel ( Noli Me Tangere ) . * The rubric of Jose Rizal’s 2nd novel was based on his experience in 1872 when he foremost heard the word â€Å"filibustero† during the tallness of the issue on GOM-BUR-ZA’s executing. * The English version of this novel is entitled â€Å"The Reign of Greed. † * A twelvemonth after his stretch as a town physician in Calamba. Jose Rizal made alterations in the secret plan and edited some chapters of the novel. * Gregorio Zaide noted that Rizal finished the original manuscript of El Fili in Biarritz. Ambeth Ocampo. on the other manus. wrote that Rizal completed the manuscript in Brussels. Belgium. * It took three old ages for Dr. Jose Rizal to complete El Fili. PUBLICATION OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO * Two Positions* Gregorio Zaide* It was Jose Rizal who canvassed publishing stores to publish his novel. He carefully searched every printing imperativeness in Ghent and found F. Meyer new wave Loo imperativeness at No. 66 Viaanderen Street. * Ambeth Ocampo * It was Jose Alejandrino who searched for a inexpensive printing imperativeness and later recommended the same company. * Jose Rizal pawned all his jewelleries in order to pay the down payment for the printing of his 2nd novel. Fortunately. Jose Ma. Basa and Rodriguez Arias sent him some financess to pass for his every twenty-four hours needs. * Rizal idea of throwing the whole manuscript of El Fili into the fires. * Fortunately. Valentin Ventura sent him sufficient financess to finish the printing of his book. * September 18. 1891 – transcripts of El Filibusterismo were released in the printing imperativeness. * As a mark of gratitude. Jose Rizal sent complementary transcripts to: * Jose Ma. Basa * Sixto Lopez* Ferdinand Blumentritt* Mariano Ponce* Graciano Lopez Jaena* Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera* Antonio and Juan Luna* He besides sent the original manuscript of the novel to Valentin Ventura. CIRCULATION OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO* Many Filipinos and Spanish governments became interested in El Fili after it came off the imperativeness. * Filipinos in Barcelona published a positive reappraisal about El Filibusterismo in La Publicidad. * Other transcripts of the novel were sent to Hong Kong. Because of the arrogation of the novels by Hong Kong functionaries. the book became really rare. EL FILIBUSTERISMO A ; GOM-BUR-ZA To the memory of the priests. Don Mariano Gomez ( 85 old ages old ) . Don Jose Burgos ( 30 old ages old ) . and Don Jacinto Zamora ( 35 old ages old ) . Executed in Bagumbayan Field on the 28th of February. 1872. To the Church. by declining to degrade you. has placed in uncertainty the offense that has been imputed to you ; the Government. by environing your tests with enigma and shadows. causes the belief that there were some mistake. committed in fatal minutes ; and all the Philippines. by idolizing your memory and naming you martyrs. in no sense recognizes your blameworthiness. In so far. hence. as your complicity in Cavite mutiny is non clearly proved. as you may or may non hold cherished sentiments for justness and for autonomy. I have the right to give my work to you as victims of the immorality which I undertake to battle. And while we wait expectantly upon Spain some twenty-four hours to reconstruct your good name and cease to be answerable for your decease. allow these pages serve as a belated garland of dried foliages over your unknown grave. and allow it be understood that everyone who without clear cogent evidence onslaughts your memory stains his custodies in your blood. Interesting FACTS ABOUT EL FILIBUSTERISMO * The original manuscript of the novel has many erasures. The ink Rizal used to wipe out the text had faded with clip. With some attempt it was possible to read everything Rizal had deleted old ages ago. * The first chapter in the original manuscript is entitled â€Å"Antiguos Conocidos† or â€Å"Old Acquaintances. † * However. the first chapter of the printed version of the novel was titled â€Å"Sobre Cubierta† or â€Å"On the Upper Deck. † * The popular name of the soft-shell clam in the gap chapter of El Fili is â€Å"vapor Tabo. † because of its form. The original manuscript. on the other manus. calls this soft-shell clam as BATEA. which sounds like batia. .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee , .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee .postImageUrl , .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee , .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee:hover , .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee:visited , .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee:active { border:0!important; } .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee:active , .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1370e6e041f37ee75b4b9217184ec7ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rodgers and Hammerstein Changin Musical Theater Hi EssaySEARCH FOR JOSE RIZAL’S THIRD NOVELâ€Å"†¦ My brother is interpreting the Noli Me Tangere into Tagalog. He has already translated a lot†¦ While I rest from my professional work. I write the 3rd portion of my book in Tagalog. It deals merely with Tagalog imposts. entirely for the use. virtuousnesss. and defects of the Tagalog. I am regretful I can non compose it in Spanish. for I have found a really beautiful subject. I want to compose a novel in the modern sense of the term – an artistic and literary novel. This clip I want to give political relations and everything for art. If I write it in Spanish. so the hapless Tagalogs to whom the work is dedicated will non acquire to cognize it. though they may be the 1s who need it most. What will the Europeans do with it? Possibly they would merely laugh and mock at our defects. The book gives me much trouble. for many of the thoughts can non be expressed freely without my presenting many neologies. and moreover I lack pattern in composing Tagalog†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Ocampo. p. 96 ) THERE REALLY WAS A THIRD NOVEL* Rizal wanted to compose his following novel in Tagalog. turn toing Tagalog readers instead than Europeans. It can be said that bulk of his literary plants were written in Spanish. * Rizal wanted to compose a literary chef-doeuvre that has a modern sense of the word and should be really artistic. * Rizal wanted to compose a novel that would cover entirely with uses. virtuousnesss. and defects of the Tagalogs. RIZAL’S UNFINISHED NOVELS * Makamisa* It contains two chapters in Tagalog which deals with a scene after a mass. Its chief characters involve superstitious parishioners with a certain Father Agaton as the parish priest. * Its manuscript contains 20 pages. With the displacement of composing medium from Tagalog to Spanish. it is really premature to reason the Makamisa was Rizal’s 3rd novel because until today. no 1 has seen the Spanish continuance of the work. * Ignoble Tagalog novel written on October 18. 1891 * Jose Rizal started to compose this novel while he was on board SS Melbourne in Marseilles edge for Hong Kong. * It consists of 44 pages in Rizal’s original script. Its manuscript was kept in the National Library. * Dapitan* This was written when Rizal was in expatriate in Dapitan. It presents the town’s alone life and imposts. * Its manuscript consists of 8 pages.* Untitled fresh about Pili. Laguna* Its manuscript consists of 147 pages. The narrative in this fresh revolves around the life in Pili. a town in Laguna Province * This novel involved Padre Agaton. Capitan Panchong and Capitana Barang. Cecilia. Isagani. Capitan Crispin. and Dr. Lopez. * Untitled fresh about Cristobal * This novel was about Cristobal. a Filipino pupil from Europe. * This novel involved Cristobal. Amelia. Capitan Ramon. a Dominican mendicant. a Franciscan mendicant. and a Spanish lieutenant of the Guardia Civil.

Teenage Pregnancy free essay sample

Recearch shows that Although the rate of teenage pregnancy in the United States is at its lowest level in nearly 40 years, it remains the highest among the most developed countries in the world. Approximately 67. 8 per 1,000 women aged 15–19 — nearly 750,000 American teenagers — become pregnant each year. (Planned Parenthood. (2012). Reducing Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved from www. plannedparenthood. org/files/PPFA/reducing_teenage_pregnancy. pdf ). (Please see visual aid section for graph,visual aid script and visul aid description on pages 5-8) Allowing female teenagers in high school who are sexually active to have assess to oral contraceptive /birth control will help to further reduce the number of Bi rt h Cont r ol Pill s a nd Tee ns: A Gui de f or Par e nt s qf 7q GZ8 occurrences of teenage pregnancy which in turn will reduce the risk of abortion and high risk pregnancies. The obvious truth from prior stated researchs, shows that our teenagers are still having unprotected sex while some may be abstaining or practicing safe sex the remainder who do not do so have to be protected from what they can be protected from for their own good and good of our socities. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Pregnancy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another problem associated with teenage pregnancies is the financial burden on tax payes and the government to provide medical care for pregnant teenagers. Research shows that The June 2011 study by the National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy estimated that in 2008, adolescent childbearing cost U. S. taxpayers about $11 billion per year . (Congressional Research Service. (2012). Teenage Pregnancy Prevention: Statistics and Programs. Retrieved from www. fas. org/sgp/crs/misc/RS20301. pdf). This is a lot of money that could be aved and put to use towards other pressing issues in our present day economy.  ·The expenses does not stop with medical care during and after pregnancy but continues with medical care of the children and and the social/financial of most teenage mothers continues to be a problem that could happen over their life time if changes are not made by them. Teen mothers are less likely to graduate from high school and more likely than their peers who delay childbe aring to live in poverty and to rely on welfare. ( Planned Parenthood. (2012). Reducing Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved from www. plannedparenthood. org/files/PPFA/reducing_teenage_pregnancy. pdf ). This problem could very well be a long term problem if the educational and financial status of the teenage mother does not change.  ·The government will see a greater reduction in high school teenage pregnancies if sexually active teens are able to have assess to oral contraception without parental consent.  ·By continuing to promote abstinence and sex educatiion is very important to enable teenagers make better informed choices Providing and funding programs that will enable pregnant teenage mothers to go back to school and achieve higher educational status will help to reduce the financial burden on tax payers and government when these teens do not end up in welfare programs for themselves and their children.  ·Research suggests that high school girls should be allowed to have oral contraception withought parental consent because this will help reduce the occurance and risk associated with teenage pregnancy and abortionand reduce the financial burden on tax payers. Asses to oral contraceptives without parental consent will will reduce the incedents of teenage pregnancies and provide another option to high school girls when they do not abstain or practice safe sex. .Preventing teenage pregnacies among high school girls will increase their chances at attaining higher educational levels and better careers. This will inturn reduce the amount of women and children who end up in welfare and reduce the fainacial burden on tax payers and our ailing economy of today.  ·CLOSING STATEMENT: The advantages of oral contraception to high school girls/teenagers can not be over emphasized. It is of immence value to our young girls,their future,our communities and nation as a whole. Our teenage girls will have better prospects in life and also have an opportunity to make better informed decisions about sex at an early age. Allowing them to take some measure of responsibility for them selves when they are having sex will boost their self esteem and creat a senc e of responsiblity for their lives and our tax payers will save alot of maoney that could be used to boost the economy. AUDIENCE QUESTIONS: Question 1. With the risks associated with birth control pills, why should parents not worry about their children becoming sick or even dying from side effects? Answer. Research has proved that there is little or no risk associated/proven with teenage girls taking oral contraception. The center for young womens health clearly states that There are no increase in the risk of heart attack or stroke in healthy young women who take birth control pills and do not smoke ( The center for young womens health. (2012). Birth conrol pills and teens:A guide to parents. Retrived from http://www. youngwomenshealth. org/oral. html). Question 2. Young teenagers are known to be disorganised and even forgetfull, why should parents trust them to use oral contraception accordingly? Answer. Allowing teenagers to have free asses to oral contraception gives them a sence of responsibility and also the American Academy of Pediatrics has issud a statetement saying adolescents are more likely to use emergency contraception if it’s prescribed in advance. American Academy of Pediatrics. (2012). AAP Recommends Emergency Contraception Be Available to Teens. Retrieved from http://pediatrics. aappublications. org/content/130/6/1174). Question 3. Are there any states or school districts currently implementing this practice? Answer. The state of New york is currently implementing this program. The New York City Department of Education is furnishing morning-after pills and other birth control drugs to students at 13 city high schools and without parental permission. (Life news. (2012). Girls at 13 NYC Schools Get Morning After Pills, No Parental Permission. Retrived from http://www. lifenews. com/2012/09/24/girls-at-13-nyc-schools-getmorning- after-pills-no-parental-permission/) References. 1. Center for Disease Control. (2012). Pre-pregnancy Contraceptive Use Among Teens with Unintended Pregnancies Resulting in Live Births — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2004–2008. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6102a1. htm? s_cid=mm6102a1_w. 2. Congressional Research Service. 2012). Teenage Pregnancy Prevention: Statistics and Programs. Retrieved from www. fas. org/sgp/crs/misc/RS20301. pdf 3. Huffington post . 2010. Even At Lowest, U. S. Teen Birth Rate Far Higher Than W. Europe. Retrieved from http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2010/12/30/teen-pregnancy-us- _n_802854. html 4. Life news. (2012). Girls at 13 NYC Schools Get Morning After Pills, No Parental Permission. Retrived from http://www. lifenews. com/2012/09/24 /girls-at-13-nyc-schoolsget- morning-after-pills-no-parental-permission/. . The center for young womens health. (2012). Birth conrol pills and teens:A guide to parents. Retrived from http://www. youngwomenshealth. org/oral. html. 6. Time Magazine. (2012). New York City Offers Plan B to High School Students. Retrived from http://healthland. time. com/2012/09/25/new-york-city-schools-offer-planb- to-high-school-students/ . 7. Planned Parenthood. (2012). Reducing Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved from www. plannedparenthood. org/files/PPFA/reducing_teenage_pregnancy. pdf . Teenage pregnancy free essay sample Teenage pregnancy† is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20 at the time that the pregnancy ends. A pregnancy can take place in apubertal female before menarche (the first menstrual period), which signals the possibility of fertility, but usually occurs after menarche. In well-nourished girls, menarche usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13. Teenage Pregnancy is now one of the serious problems in our society. It is one of the major factors that affect population growth in the Philippines. Teenage pregnancy is the unplanned parenthood, secrets among male and females between 13 to 16 years of age. Being in the wrong place and at the wrong time knows the facts out here about teenager’s lives and what they’re doing. Teen Pregnancy may happen due to the following reasons: ? Peer pressure ? Absentee of parents ? Influence of media ? Rape and sexual abuse. Teenage pregnancy affects not only females but males as well; it causes serious health and education problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage pregnancy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Nearly 4 out of 10 girls become pregnant at least once before the age of 20. Most teens get pregnant because they want to know what it feels like to raise a child or because they see others with children and they find them cute and want them to themselves. Others get pregnant because they don’t know about the different ways of contraception and ways to stay safe. Many girls struggle with teen pregnancy because of their low confidence and self-worth. They feel that they are ugly and no guy would show them attention unless they give them what they want. The reason why we chose teen pregnancy is because I believe that is a serious issue between teenagers now a days. I think that teen pregnancy could of been an avoidable issue if sex was a conversation topic between parents and their kids, and teachers to students. Kids should start to know about sex and ways to prevent pregnancy and STDs, STIs since theyre in middle school since kids now a days are becoming sexualy active since theyre like 13 years old which makes them more exposed to pregnancy and other consequences people face when having unsafe sex, due to their ignorance on how to have safe sex. Teenage Pregnancy free essay sample A discussion of teenage pregnancy in the United States. (more) Teenage Pregnancy free essay sample Challenges of Teenage Parenthood A. Parenthood Options B. Continuing Education C. Financial Problems V. Conclusion Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in todays society ;there are many ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, many people to get advice from, and many decisions a teenage parent must make. The statistics tell that the U. S. has the highest rate of teen pregnancy Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy Parenting You sit there tense, your face is turning cherry red, your eyes are fixed on the little white machine, and you feel like the suspense is and births. More than 4 out of ten young women become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of 20-nearly one billion a year(Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Teenage pregnancy has declined slowly but steadily. These recent declines reverse the 24-percent rise in the teenage birth rate from 1986 to 1991 (Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Usually only one-third of teenage mothers receive a high school diploma. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Pregnancy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rest of the mothers usually end Teen Pregnancy You sit there tense, your face is turning cherry red, your eyes are fixed on the little white machine, and you feel like the suspense is killing you, two minutes p on welfare. A majority of both boys and girls who are sexually active wish they had waited. Eight in ten girls and six in ten boys say they wish they had waited (Teen Pregnancy Facts and Stats 1). Many people are concerned about the problems teenage parents and their children face. The health risks for a teenage girl who becomes pregnant increase sharply. One of the concerns of teenage mothers is the health risk. Usually young women have Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy Over the past two decades, the rates of teen pregnancy have grown dramatically. According to the Prevention of Teen Pregnancy, approximately every thirty-one seconds teenage pregnant in the more complications in pregnancy than older women. The most hazardous complication is low birth weight. One out of seven babies born to teenage mothers have a low birth weight (Hildebrand 88). Poor eating habits, smoking, or using alcohol or drugs, cause low birth weight. Premature babies and babies with low birth weights often have organs that havent fully developed, such as lungs, heart and brain. These babies get sick easier than normal weight babies. As a result Teen Pregnancy The situation is as follow: A teen girl (anywhere from the age thirteen to eighteen) finds herself in a sexual relationship with a male. The end result is from what was motioned above, teenage mothers are considered to be in the high-risk health category. They need good prenatal care as soon as they find out they are pregnant. A doctor, nurse, or other medical practitioner gives most of the information about nutrition. Prenatal care can help prevent pregnancy complications and improve ones chances of having a healthy baby. The best way to prevent teenage pregnancy, which is 100% effective, is abstinence. Most teenagers have a whole Teen pregnancy Teen Pregnancy There are a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? What could I have become? life ahead of them and having a child will cause a lot of complications in your goals. Its not impossible for teenage mothers to complete high school, or try to reach their goals in life, but having a child could very well interfere with these goals. Another way of protection is condoms. There are a lot of protections out there, but these protections are not 100-percent reliable. There are a lot of places and people to go to Teen Pregnancy Teen Pregnancy There are a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? What could I have become? for support and advice. In addition there are many organizations and hotlines a teenage mother can contact for advice and assistance. Parents and family are one alternative. There are a lot of teenagers that are afraid of their parents reactions. However, most parents are calmer and more supportive than teenagers expect. Most parents are shocked when the teenager comes and tells them that they are pregnant. Just give the parents time and they will try to give their Teen pregnancy Teen Pregnancy There are a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? What could I have become? teenager the best advice that they know. The school nurse or counselor is another place to get advice. The counselor usually can gather up pamphlets and brochures about pregnancy. The counselor can also help the teenager remain in school. They are very supportive and understanding. Doctors and clinics are very important for a teenage parent to go to. There are a lot of home pregnancy tests available, but the doctor is a lot more reliable and gives Teenage Pregnancy free essay sample Teenage pregnancy (defined as under-18 conceptions including those leading to live births and terminations) and early parenthood are widely recognized to be associated with poor health and social exclusion. Having children at an early age can affect young women’s health and wellbeing and can limit their education, career and economic prospects. Although young people can be competent parents, longitudinal studies show that the children born to teenagers are more likely to experience a range of negative outcomes in later life, and are more likely to become a teenage parent themselves. Teenage pregnancy is a serious issue in our society today where people become pregnant because they are not informed. Teenage pregnancy affects not only females but males as well; it causes serious health and education problems. Nearly 4 out of 10 girls become pregnant at least once before the age of 20. Most teens get pregnant because they want to know what it feels like to raise a child or because they see others with children and they find them cute and want them to themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Pregnancy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Others get pregnant because they don’t know about the different ways of contraception and ways to stay safe. Many girls struggle with teen pregnancy because of their low confidence and self-worth. They feel that they are ugly and no guy would show them attention unless they give them what they want. In our society today Teenage Pregnancy affects both females and males in several ways. Teen pregnancy is one of the most difficult experiences a young person might ever face when it interrupts school or other plans. It can create an emotional crisis resulting in feelings of shame and fear, and it may appear that you will crumble under pressures in your environment. The stress of how one would break the news to their parents might be even greater, and finding help may seem an impossible task. People might think that they can help others, or one might be too embarrassed to search for help. For the most part, when one sees teenagers raising children, we often think that the teen has been raped or is too mature for their age. For this reason, some totally miss the issues that one must have been exposed to in their society, the society of their home, community, school. There are many viewpoints as to why teenage females are having so many children out of wedlock. However, the facts are obvious—teenaged females are highly influenced by many social issues, but those with the lack of strong parental guidance, sex education, and positive mass media are more likely to have a premarital pregnancy. The issue of teenage pregnancy started to interest me when I am staying now in the City, a great percentage of the females there were actually pregnant and I didn’t really understand why. I wasn’t really sure how big or how serious teen pregnancy is, but with little knowledge and a tremendous amount of curiosity, I wanted teen pregnancy to be my topic. This study will make us aware of what is happening in our society today. This issue is being ignored a lot of times. This will guide the parents and friends on what to do if a teenager gets pregnant. For teen mothers, this will guide them on their options before and after pregnancy. This concept paper aims to discuss the effects of rising early pregnancy cases and how it affects our economy. This will discuss also some cases of adolescent mothers and what kind of life do they have as teenage parents. II. Body Teenage pregnancy is one of the major factors that affect population growth in the Philippines. It is considered as one of the major problems of the government is facing of today. According to the Government statistics records, teenage pregnancy cases rise up to 70% over 10 years only. These alarming cases caught the attention of some lawmakers. The very best example solution that the government made this year was the passage of RH Bill or the Reproductive Health Bill. This bill aims to free access of use of contraceptives, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care. The government conceived this as the solution to the problem. Others may see it as helpful but others also contradicts it. Teenage pregnancy is continuing growing and really affects our economic status. Studies show that in 2009, total live births reached to 1. 745 million, which break down to a daily average of 4,782 births and 478 of mothers giving birth were teenagers. From the survey conducted by the Young Adults Fertility Survey (YAFS), 16% of the women aging 15-24 years old have had premarital sex and the average age for the females who had their first sexual encounter is 18. Some 16. 5 million Filipinos belong to the 15-24 year old age group. We are forced with a glaring truth that at a very young age, a lot of young people today have children of their own. 30 % of all births belong to this age group; and by the age of 20, 25% of the youth are already mothers. Statistics show that every year at least 64,000 teenagers have abortions, and those are statistics from a country where abortion is illegal, yet we claim we are Catholics, who are preserving and valuing life. We might say that the pregnancy of these teenagers is just the mere result of the gratification of sexual urges. Yes we might say that. That pregnancy would not occur if studies had been prioritized instead of the relationship of the opposite sex. That if there were no premarital sex (PMS), there would be no pregnancy. On one simple glance, we would judge these teenagers guilty. The Causes of Teenage Pregnancy There are many different causes of teenage pregnancy. Every teenage girl is brought up under different family and personal conditions, therefore presenting many different causes of teenage pregnancy. These causes can range from internal factors to external factors. Some of these causes include drugs and alcohol, sexual abuse and child maltreatment, and technology dangers. All of these contribute to teenage pregnancy. Another cause of teenage pregnancy is sexual abuse and child maltreatment. This affects teenagers in all areas of development like cognitive development, social development, psychological, and emotional development. When a teenage girl is sexually abused and maltreated, she usually develops bad self esteem and her confidence level drops dramatically. When this happens, sexual activity is used as a justification of her internal problems and also they sometimes think that they can find comfort in their partners. This is bad because when they think like this, it becomes more and more repetitive and they are more likely to become pregnant. However, sexual abuse and child maltreatment can be described as an internal problem which leads to an external problem. It is an internal problem because it affects the emotions, self esteem and confidence and it leads to external problems because it involves teenage pregnancy. Last but not least, there is a technology danger. This is another famous cause of teenage pregnancy. Technology is a new means of communication now a day. It seems to be destroying teenagers slowly but surely. Millions of teenagers go online every day, around the hours when there is little or no adult supervision. This allows for online dating, hooking up and promiscuity. Many times teens depend on technology to find relationships or just male friends and end up with the wrong company. They agree to meet at a certain place then get engaged in unprotected sexual activities. Lack of sex education is the most important but not the only cause of teenage pregnancy. There are also some other teenage pregnancy causes that cannot be ignored. First is the psychological factor. The immature and irresponsible behavior arising due to complex teenage psychology is another important cause of teenage pregnancies. Teenagers often go through a number of emotions because of their own transition from childhood and peer pressure. In addition, weak family relationships fail to provide the emotional support that teenagers require. This lack of attention and affection from family resulting in depression forces them to seek love and support from other people, especially members of the opposite sex. Next cause is the adolescent sexual behavior. As adolescence marks the onset of sexual maturity, it is but obvious that both the sexes show interest in and explore the much hyped topics of sex, thank to the irresponsible and careless approach of mass media. This makes them vulnerable to teenage sex and pregnancy without adequate sex education. Lack of sexual education causes teens to get abortions as they ultimately realize their inability to bear the responsibilities of being a parent at such a young age. Another cause is lack of discipline and control. Factors like alcohol and substance abuse accompanied by unrestricted interaction with the opposite sex can ignite the sparks of lust and passion in youngsters very easily ultimately leading to teenage pregnancy. Nonetheless, at times, parents put too many restrictions of their children, especially girls to protect them from dangers. This overprotection gives rise to frustration and a feeling of not being loved and cared for. Thus, balance is the key to avoid this problem. Moreover, sexual abuse of teenage girls is also one of the most disgraceful causes of teenage pregnancy. One example is sexual relationships between teenage girls and older men. Effects of Teenage Pregnancy Teenage pregnancy is a serious issue that may seriously impact the future of a young woman. Any teen pregnancy will be a challenge as teens typically lack skills needed to handle a pregnancy and motherhood. Patience, maturity and ability to handle stress are required by pregnant mothers of all ages. A teen pregnancy may also impact the baby. Several studies have examined the socioeconomic, medical, and psychological impact of pregnancy and parenthood in teens. Life outcomes for teenage mothers and their children vary; other factors, such as poverty or social support, may be more important than the age of the mother at the birth. Many solutions to counteract the more negative findings have been proposed. Teenage parents who can rely on family and community support, social services and child-care support are more likely to continue their education and get higher paying jobs as they progress with their education. There are health risks for the baby and children born to teenage mothers are more likely to suffer health, social, and emotional problems than children born to older mothers. Also, women who become pregnant during their teens are at increased risk for complications, such as premature labor and other consequences. Teenage births are associated with lower annual income for the mother. Eighty percent of teen mothers must rely on welfare at some point. Teenage mothers are more likely to drop out of school. Only about one-third of teen mothers obtain a high school diploma. Teenage pregnancies are associated with increased rates of alcohol abuse and substance abuse, lower educational level, and reduced earning potential in teen fathers. More than half of teenage pregnancies continue to birth. According to a researcher at the Transnational Family Research Institute, teenage mothers are at a high risk of experiencing depression, birth complications, toxemia, anemia and even death. Teenage girls are often not emotionally prepared for childbirth or being a mother and can experience extreme depression, anxiety, resentment and feelings of failure. Because of the stigma that exists regarding teenage pregnancy in many societies, pregnant teens may deal with feelings of shame, guilt, anger, denial and depression. Only 1/3 of teenage mothers complete high school and receive a diploma, according to research conducted by the Robin Hood Foundation. Apart from future financial and employment problems, this can be a contributing factor toward negative self-esteem. Teenagers are often afraid to tell friends, parents or other family members about the pregnancy, which can lead to further anxiety, feelings of shame and withdrawal from society. Early motherhood can affect the psychosocial development of the infant. The children of teen mothers are more likely to be born prematurely with a low birth weight, predisposing them to many other lifelong conditions. Children of teen mothers are at higher risk of intellectual, language, and socio-emotional delays. Developmental disabilities and behavioral issues are increased in children born to teen mothers. One study suggested that adolescent mothers are less likely to stimulate their infant through affectionate behaviors such as touch, smiling, and verbal communication, or to be sensitive and accepting toward his or her needs. Another found that those who had more social support were less likely to show anger toward their children or to rely upon punishment. Poor academic performance in the children of teenage mothers has also been noted, with many of them being more likely than average to fail to graduate from secondary school, be held back a grade level, or score lower on standardized tests. Daughters born to adolescent parents are more likely to become teen mothers themselves. A son born to a young woman in her teens is three times more likely to serve time in prison. Teen pregnancy and motherhood can influence younger siblings. One study found that the younger sisters of teen mothers were less likely to emphasize the importance of education and employment and more likely to accept human sexual behavior, parenting, and marriage at younger ages; younger brothers, too, were found to be more tolerant of non-marital and early births, in addition to being more susceptible to high-risk behaviors. If the younger sisters of teenage parents babysit the children, they have an increased risk of getting pregnant themselves. Once an older daughter has a child, parents often become more accepting as time goes by. The probability of the younger sister having a teenage pregnancy went from one in five to two in five if the elder sister had a baby as a teenager. Emotional Effect There are various emotional effects of early pregnancy to teenagers. 1. Initial excitement Some teenagers are excited to bear a child, especially when it is their first pregnancy. They are excited to see their baby. Others are excited to buy clothes and other things for the baby. They think of names for the baby. 2. Confuse Some are confused and at a loss on what to do. They are too young and many have no idea about bearing a child. 3. Afraid Some are scared. They think of questions like, â€Å"How should I tell my parents? † â€Å"How will I face my classmates? † or â€Å"What is the best thing to do to solve this problem? † They are afraid to answer these questions. they feel scared on what will be the reactions of their parents. 4. Frustrated Frustration comes later. Pregnant teenagers will realize that they are not yet ready to bear a child when it’s already late. Emotional Effect to Love Ones Being pregnant makes one’s life complicated. It can affect you and your love ones. 1. Family Parents expect their children to be good. They expect that all the good things from their children. a. Frustrated or Disappointment Many parents are not happy about the early pregnancy of children. They expect help in their old age, but their pregnant child might have some other plans. b. Excitement Others are excited about a new family member. 2. Friends Friends might be disappointed if they know that you are pregnant. They might be shocked because at your young age you will be a mother. Physical Effect of Teenage Pregnancy Changes can be observed in a pregnant woman. Diet and exercise are necessary. Changes in a pregnant teenager’s body 1. Increase in Body Weight 2. Increase of Foot Size 3. Increase of Breast Size 4. The darkening of Cheeks and Forehead Mental Effect of Early Pregnancy Among the issues encountered by a pregnant teenager are: A. Depression It is common among pregnant teenager who are desperate to solve their problems. Some teenagers try to solve their problem by: 1. Abortion It is the removal of a fetus from the mother’s womb. Abortion is illegal. About 300,000 to 500,000 women undergo abortion every year. Article 256, 258 and 259 in the Revised Penal Code of the Philippine penalize women who undergo abortion and others who help her with imprisonment. Some teenager, however, think that abortion is a way to solve their problem. 2. Suicide Some teenagers think of suicide. Effects on Child Children from homes run by teenage mothers have to face almost insurmountable obstacles in life. The incidents of depression and mental health problems, the lack of father figures, and the high rate of poverty often connected to children in homes run by teenage mothers put them at serious disadvantages when compared to children raised in nuclear families. Many people believe that the implementation of sex education in schools and the addition of more federal aid for single parents are major causes for the countrys high rate of teen pregnancies. When the true purpose of sex education and federal aid is to help strengthen the mother and her child so that they can eventually lead productive lives. The absence of a father figure in the home brings about a chain reaction of dilemmas. The emotional problems that children suffer because there is no father in their life can be potentially hazardous to their future. Many children tend to be effected mentally because these powerful emotions have the potential to do permanent damage in a childs life. Children may experience sadness and depression, aggressive behavior, frequent illness, difficulty in school, eating problems, and sleeping disorders. Many children also suffer from various social difficulties and self-esteem problems that come along with living in a one-parent household. The pressure that children raised by teenage parents go through is tremendous. Children who dont have fathers present in the home often feel unloved. There is no trauma as excruciatingly painful as parental rejection and there is probably no worse of a way to wreck a persons life. Males are affected differently by the absence of a father than females are. A boy needs a male role model in his life so that he can learn how to become a man. Children who dont have good role models often choose negative, unsavory characters to mold themselves after. Negative consequences of teenage pregnancies The health consequences for a teenage mother and her baby both during pregnancy and afterwards can be harmful. Young mothers’ inexperience of looking after themselves contributes to negative health outcomes, particularly during pregnancies. Immaturity affects the ability to moderate negative behaviour, such as smoking and seeking timely health care. Once the baby is born, not persisting with breastfeeding may also be a harmful consequence of immaturity. Teenage pregnancy is more common among young people who have low educational attainment. In addition, being pregnant and having a baby often also leads to education being curtailed – for the mother, though not always for the father – and thereby even lower educational attainment. As a result of low educational achievement, inadequate employment training, poor childcare provision and a lack of support, teenage mothers suffer a considerable disadvantage in the labor market and can be highly reliant on welfare benefits and subsidized housing, sometimes following a period of homelessness or temporary housing. They may also be forced to lean on relatives. Effects of a Daughter’s Pregnancy Families in which teenagers bear children have historically been characterized by grandparental childrearing systems, wherein the adolescents mother typically provides the primary hands-on care for the teens child (Burton, 1995, 1996a, 1996b). Because these grand parenting duties can be extensive and time consuming, they likely interfere with or distract the mother from monitoring or supervising her own children. Role strain theory postulates that the psychological stress associated with undertaking multiple roles impedes a person from performing well in any role (Goode, 1960). Thus, it may be that the time and role demands of caring for her daughters child compromises a mothers ability to monitor her own childrens behavior and activities. It is also conceivable, however, that because of the older daughters early pregnancy or birth, mothers might be even more rigorous in monitoring their other children. Although this possibility will be examined in the study presented here, the more practical responsibilities of caring for her daughters child probably would diminish a mothers ability to oversee her own childrens activities, especially given that most of these mothers are parenting (and grandparenting) alone without a co resident adult (Burton, 1995) and that the mothers other children are likely to be adolescents and monitoring their behavior is particularly difficult (Dornbusch et al. , 1985). An older daughters early childbearing also might act to increase her mothers acceptance and tolerance of teenage sex and early nonmarital childbearing. Teenage parenting may be viewed with less stigma and less disgrace by the teenagers parents. Moreover, the daughters early childbearing may signify to mothers the lack of real-life options available to their daughter. As a result, mothers may rationalize their daughters teenage parenting as a reasonable and acceptable response to their disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances. This kind of attitude change is akin to that described in Festingers (1957) theory of cognitive dissonance, whereby the tension created by opposing attitudes and behaviors motivates a change in either the behavior or the attitude. Mothers of teenage daughters who become pregnant may come to believe that early childbearing is not that bad after all. A teenagers pregnancy also might reduce her mothers achievement expectations for her other children. For example, the older daughters early childbearing may demonstrate to her parents their inability to control their childrens lives and life outcomes. Expectations for their other children may yield accordingly if parents believe that they have little control over their childrens futures. It is also plausible, however, that an opposite reaction might occur among parents. Because the older daughter has had a child while she was a teenager, parents might place even higher and more demanding expectations on their other children. Parents often are initially disappointed when a teenage daughter gives birth (Furstenberg, 1980), but they may perceive younger siblings as having potential for success. Realizing that the older daughters school and job options are likely to be limited, parents might have even more demanding expectations of their other children. Because this is a new area of study and this issue has not been investigated, both expectations appear plausible. Finally, an adolescents early pregnancy might increase her mothers communication about sex and contraception with her other children. For example, mothers might be motivated to prevent a second pregnancy in the family and might view the older daughters pregnancy as an opportunity to discuss contraception and ways of preventing pregnancy with their other children. Moreover, mothers may feel partly to blame for the older daughters pregnancy and may see their lack of open communication about sex and birth control with the older daughter as one of the factors that possibly contributed to her becoming pregnant. These feelings may compel the mother to discuss sexuality and contraception more openly with her other children. Risk factors for teenage pregnancy The main risk factors for teenage pregnancy come under three headings: risky behavior, education-related factors, family and home background factors. Risky behaviour includes the early onset of sexual activity; irregular or ineffective use of contraception; mental health problems; anti-social behaviour and involvement in crime; alcohol and substance misuse; having already been a teenage mother; and previous abortions. The education-related factors include low educational attainment; disengagement from school; leaving school at 16 with no qualifications; and negative experiences of education in school. Factors in the family and home background include growing up in care; being the daughter of a teenage mother; ethnic differences; low parental aspirations; parental separation; family conflict or violence; frequent moves; and neighborhood peer pressures. Prevention Many health educators have argued that comprehensive sex education would effectively reduce the number of teenage pregnancies, although opponents argue that such education encourages more and earlier sexual activity. Interventions combining education and contraceptives appear to reduce unplanned teenage pregnancy, however no one intervention yet stands out as the most effective. Teen pregnancy can easily be prevented with better educated teens, better communication between teens and parents, and the knowledge of contraceptives. There are many ways to prevent teenage pregnancies. Popular solutions include discussions of â€Å"safe sex† practices. In addition to condoms, doctors can prescribe birth control pills that regulate the fertility of a woman’s eggs, or advise the use of other pregnancy prevention tools, like intra-uterine devices or spermicides. These options are not 100% effective. There is even the option of abortion, which terminates the pregnancy at the proven cost of a life and a lifetime of emotional scars. For teenagers, however, the option of a doctor’s prescription requires parental consent. Most teenagers do not want their parents to know of their sexual activity. Media often promotes sexuality to children and teens before they are capable of making mature decisions about a pregnancy, or before they clearly understand the consequences of raising a child. They are under a lot of pressure to experience sex outside the boundaries set by God. III. Reaction Many of us tend to think that teenage pregnancies occur because they could not control their urge of temptation before getting married. That is not entirely true. In fact the main reasons why most teenage girls become pregnant are because they lack supervision. Poverty, sexual abuse and media also play an important role in teenage pregnancies. Teenage parents prematurely lead adult lives. It is like a child having a child. Teenage mothers are girls who found themselves in a predicament which they know could have been prevented or avoided. Most young parents are taking accountability for their actions and more must be done in our community to help these young mothers and young fathers succeed to make better lives for themselves and for their families. Teen pregnancy is a major contributor to poverty, single parenthood, and limited futures for adolescents and their children that is why it is so significant to attend to the problem now and not later. I agree that teenage pregnancy is a bad thing. Teens who get pregnant have fewer opportunities career or education-wise, often cannot cope with the responsibilities of raising a child, have the remainder of their childhood cut short and usually end up poor or struggling to make ends on the benefit. Of course, I wouldnt condemn a girl who gets pregnant and decides she wants to keep the baby. I dont think shes a bad person for it. But I dont think that teen pregnancy is really a good thing. Teens need to focus on school, work, family, and their dreams in life. A child interferes with their dreams, their goals, and definitely changes their lives. Teens shouldnt even be having sex for a few reasons. Theyre too young to even understand love and sex. They still live in their parents’ homes, they cant afford a child even if they think their high income will do it. They’re not finished their education and without that theyll be nothing. We must help young parents in our society rise above what the statistics forecast. We can no longer look the other way when it comes to our youth and the issues that they face today whether it is drugs or alcohol abuse, crime, sexual orientation, sexually transmitted infections or pregnancy. We are one in the community and we have to work together to address these concerns. There are so many matters that young parents have to deal with without having to worry about what other people think. Society must work together to empower, educate and encourage these individuals to become integral active members of our community. We can address these issues by offering workshops and skills for these young parents so they can be accepted in our community and not frowned upon. They have to learn life skills such as budgeting, parenting, and financial planning. Young parents need access to resources where more can be done in terms of rehabilitation, communication, parenting classes, relationship counseling and training. Successful intervention methods must be established to resolve teenage pregnancy issues and teenage mother’s predicaments. Do not be a part of the problem, be a part of the solution. Support them, encourage them, empower them and help strengthen them to realize their full potential.

Different types of output devices Essays

Different types of output devices Essays Different types of output devices Paper Different types of output devices Paper Monitors The monitor, screen or visual display unit (VDU) is the most common computer output device. Popular screen sizes are 15 inches (38 cm) and 17 inches (43 cm). Larger monitors make working at a computer easier on the yes and are essential for use in desktop publishing and design work. Cathode ray tubes Traditional computer monitors are similar to televisions. They use cathode ray tubes (CRTs) which are large and heavy, but can produce high-quality displays. Flat panel displays The screen on notebook computers and flat panel monitors use LCD or TFT displays: LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) These use tiny crystals which block the light from passing through them. Colors are obtained by using a combination of special filters. TFT (Thin film Transistor). This is more advanced type of display, giving full color and a high- quality output. It provides a higher resolution and more contrast than an LCD screen. Printers After the monitor, the second most common computer output device is the printer. Printers can be connected to an individual computer or to a network and shared by a number of computers. Printing out work from the computer is referred to as obtaining a hard copy. Laser printers Laser printers work in a similar way to photocopiers. They are very popular, particularly where large quantities of mono (black) printing are required. They are quite, fast and economical to run. A 12- page -per-minute printer can be purchased for about i 150. Color laser printers are becoming more popular as their prices fall, but ink-jet printers are also a popular choice for color work. Ink-jet printers. Ink-jet and bubble-jet printers are relatively inexpensive and produce high-quality black and color printing. This makes them a popular choice for home and school use. The printing speed is slower than a laser printer so, for many businesses where large volumes of printing are required, the laser printer is more suitable. Color printing For printing in color, ink from three ink tanks, which contain the colors cyan, magenta and yellow, is mixed together to obtain the wide range of colors found in full- color images. Plotters The most common type of plotter is the flat-bed plotter. A mechanical arm moves across a sheet of paper and a pen holder slides up and down the arm. Plotters are often used in science and engineering applications for drawing building plans, printed circuit boards, machines and machine parts. They are accurate to hundredths of a millimeter and can be the size of a small classroom. Sound/voice Computers can be output both music and speech to speakers. Synthesized speech output, generated from a computer program, can be particularly useful for blind users, where passages of text or figures from a spreadsheet are spoken. One common example of speech synthesis is used by BT for their directory enquiry service. When you dial 192, the operator searches a computer database and locates the number. A computer then reads this number out to you by saying, the number you requires Control applications Computers are also able to output data to devices that control machines and processes. Actuators Mechanical devices that generate movement are called actuators. Computer-controlled actuators can automate the operation of machines and are based on three types of mechanism.

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nuclear Fuel Cycle - Research Paper Example This paper discusses about the various stages of the nuclear cycle and the safety aspects present in it. Nuclear energy is a part of the world’s Energy mix. The nuclear fuel cycle is the series of different stages that lead to the production of Power from the Uranium in the nuclear power reactors. A secure and adequate supply of energy is required for the world and that is promised by the Nuclear power systems. The nuclear fuel cycle starts with the extraction of the raw materials from the earth. The process of conversion of the raw material into the primary fuel is the next step, followed by the production of the energy from the source. The spent fuel and the final waste are processed, conditioned and recycled to derive more energy form the fuel. Finally the spent fuel is disposed as waste into the geosphere. The spent fuel has the greater chance for emitting the radiations; hence utmost care should be taken for the proper disposal. The production of energy from nuclear fuels is increasing because of the amount of energy that uranium can produce (1 gram of nuclear fuel produces 9 x 10 13 joules of energy) and also from the reliability of the source and the recyclability of the fuel. For long term sustainable energy production, nuclear fuel is the best source. (OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Trends on the nuclear fuel cycle). The cost for the power plants are very high, but when compared to the other power sources, the availability of the raw material land the future scope is more for this technology. The OECD Nuclear energy agency has given the various activities that together make up the fuel cycle as follows: 1. The mining and milling of Uranium. 2. Uranium refining and followed by the conversion to uranium hexafluoride. 3. Enriching the Uranium. 4. Fuel fabrication. 5. The reactor operation 6. Storage of the spent fuel. 7. Reprocessing of the spent fuel. 8. Decommissioning nuclear

SWOT Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SWOT - Term Paper Example These propel its service provisions to its customers. 2) It lacks of diversification and product differentiation. The company operates mostly in the United States where it is majorly based. Local retailers acquired its stores both in Europe and in the Middle East including Australia. 1) The company has greater prospects of growth since customers are highly willing to make online orders and purchases. The company is among the first to install online operation programs for its customers hence prospects of growth since they offer this opportunity to a wide client base. 3) The ever-increasing expenditure on general consumer products and services. BBB operates many retail outlets and the revenue from the outlets summed up contributes significantly to the firm’s total revenue. 1) The constantly increasing attention of the government toward the environmental practices and issues of companies and how they handle such issues. One should bear in mind that BBB Corporation already had trouble with watchdog because of its poor waste management procedures. 4) The constant and consistent technological improvement in the management of business operations where tasks are to a very small extent handled manually, most operations are mechanized hence efficiency and effectiveness. Internal analysis involves a keen analysis of the major functions of the organization, its abilities as compared to those of the competitors. In its efforts to achieve competitive edge and marketability of its operations, BBB has decided to modernize its operations (www.newyork.bbb.org/). These are conducted in its efforts to encourage and support best market practices while celebrating being a model given it is one among the few to initiate online transactions. BBB operates its internal operations based on trust and this has enabled it earn accreditations, awards which not any other company is eligible for in the United States. The internal cores and operations of BBB are

Secure Vehicular Traffic Re-routing System using SCMS

Secure Vehicular Traffic Re-routing System using SCMS Secure Vehicular Traffic Re-routing System using SCMS in connected cars ABSTRACT The centralized system encounters two vital issues, the centralized server needs to accomplish genuine calculation and communication with the other vehicles continuously, which can make such architecture infeasible for extensive zones with various vehicles; and driver security is not guaranteed since the drivers need to share their area furthermore the beginning stages and goal of their excursion with the server, which may keep the acknowledgment of such courses of action. To address these issues, a half and half vehicular rerouting structure is enlivened. The structure off-weights a tremendous part of the rerouting figuring at the vehicles, and therefore, the re-coordinating system gets the opportunity to be useful persistently. To settle on group rerouting decisions, the vehicles exchange messages over vehicular extraordinarily delegated frameworks. The system is hybrid since notwithstanding it uses a server to choose an exact overall point of view of the development more than 2G/3 G affiliation. Likewise imperative is that the customer security is balanced with the rerouting ampleness. SCMS issues advanced endorsements to taking an interest vehicles for setting up trust among other vehicle, which is imperative for prosperity applications in perspective of vehicle-to-vehicle correspondences. It underpins four principal use cases, to be particular, bootstrapping, endorsement provisioning, bad conduct reporting and renouncement. The principle outline aim is to give both security and insurance to the greatest degree sensible and possible. To fulfill the last specified, vehicles are provided pseudonym certificates, and the provisioning of those supports is partitioned among different affiliations. The essential challenges is to energize capable renouncement while giving insurance against various attacks from insiders. Keywords Intelligent vehicles, VANET, SCMS, IOT, P2P Communication, Traffic Re-Routing. Traffic congestion has changed into a continually developing issue the world over. Blockage diminishes ampleness of transportation foundation and expands travel time, air pollution, and fuel utilize. Traffic blockage acknowledged urban Americans to travel 4.8 billion hours more than should be required and to buy an additional 1.9 billion gallons of fuel, for a stop up cost of $101 billion in 2010. It is normal that by 2015, this cost will scale to $133 billion (i.e., more than $900 for each expert). The measure of abused fuel will hop to 2.5 billion gallons (i.e., enough to all more than 275,000 gas tanker trucks) [1]. While blockage is, figuratively speaking, considered as a significant city issue, delays are winding up being consistently normal in negligible urban areas and some commonplace zones also. Starting now and into the foreseeable future, finding reasonable reactions for clog adjust at sensible expenses is changing into a stringent issue. The considering is that all the more convincing vehicle re-directing can be proactively given to individual drivers accommodatingly, in light of the communitarian information amassed from shrewd mobile phones or structures presented in vehicles, to encourage the impacts of blockage in the city. The advances of the rising distinguishing and get ready pushes empowers unavoidable change of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). ITS arrangements to update the voyager encounter by melding advancement and data into the present transportation structure. Vehicle re-coordinating framework (VRS) progression is a subset of ITS. In the previous 30 years, assorted VRS advancements have been considered and made the world over using unmistakable courses of action to accomplish chop down travel time for drivers. At present static passed on street side sensors (e.g., acknowledgment circles, camcorders) and vehicles going about as versatile sensors (i.e., utilizing implanted vehicular frameworks or pushed cells) can collect steady information to screen the activity at fine granularity. For instance, the Mobile Millennium widen [2] demonstrated that specific a low rate of drivers need to offer information to satisfy a right activity see. The centralized system gathers reliable development information from vehicles and conceivably street side sensors, and it completes a couple re-routing methods to delegate another course to every re-routed vehicle in light of real travel time in the street deal with. Rather than utilizing basic most short way figurings, the re-guiding strategies utilize stack changing heuristics to figure the new course for an offered vehicle to relieve the potential blockage and to chop down the common travelling time for all vehicles. This specialized way is pushed to a vehicle driver when indications of blockage are seen on his stream way. Regardless, paying little personality to completing a tremendous decreasing in the travel time experienced by drivers, united strategies, for example, our own specific experience the malevolent effects of two trademark issues. In the first place, the central server needs to perform honest to goodness estimation (re-route vehicles to new ways) and correspondence with the vehicles (to send the course and to get territory redesigns) incessantly continuously. It would make centralized system infeasible for boundless districts with different vehicles. In a centralized Vehicle Re-routing framework, the server requires the steady area and moreover the starting point and goal of the vehicles to survey the activity conditions and give productive individual re-steering course. This prompts to significant security stresses toward the drivers and may keep the appointment of such blueprints in perspective of Big Brother fears. For whatever time span that vehiclesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ takes after are completely unveiled, clients character can without a lot of a broaden be comprehended paying little personality to the probability that monikers utilized [3]. This is an immediate consequence of the way that territory can contain individuals character data [4]. Besides, a movement of area tests will as time goes on reveal the vehicles personality [5]. In this way, it is significant to make the structure work without uncovering the customers Origin and destin ation (OD) sets and with inconsequential number of area overhauls along a client travel. In any case, a totally decentralized outline is not sensible for a proactive re-routing system. For example, by making vehicular specially appointed systems (VANETs), the vehicles can trade information using multi-jump correspondence, and in this manner can perceive signs of blockage in little correspondence while sparing their security. In any case, VANETs dont permit vehicles to get an exact worldwide activity perspective of the road arrange, achieving incorrectly or if nothing else minimum imperfect re-routing. In like manner, in a totally circulated plan, as a result of the nonattendance of a facilitator, the vehicles cant take synchronized exercises meanwhile, which makes it infeasible to settle on group arranged decisions persistently. To handle each one of these issues, this article proposes DIVERT, a dispersed vehicular re-routing system for blockage evading, which impacts both cell Internet and VANET correspondence. Possess is a crossbreed system since in spite of all that i t uses a server, reachable over the Internet, to choose an exact overall point of view of the movement. The consolidated server goes about as a coordinator that accumulates zone reports, recognizes movement blockage and scatters re-routing notices (i.e. overhauled travel times in the road framework) to the vehicles. In any case, the system offloads an unlimited part of the re-routing figuring at the vehicles and consequently the re-steering process gets the opportunity to be particularly helpful dynamically. To take synergistic re-routing decisions, the vehicles orchestrated in a comparable area trade messages over VANETs. Furthermore, DIVERT executes a security change tradition to guarantee the usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ assurance, where each vehicle recognizes the road thickness locally using VANET and furtively reports data with a particular probability just from high activity thickness lanes. Right when signs of blockage are perceived, the server sends the action framework to the vehicles that sent the latest upgrades. Thusly, these vehicles scatter the action data got from the server in their locale. Customer security is uncommonly upgraded since this convention decreases radically the amount of vehicle area overhauls to the server and, thusly, the driver presentation and distinguishing proof dangers. Also, in this half and half plan, the server does not know the OD sets of the customers. Along these lines, the standard duty of this article is the scattered system for re-coordinating. Involve, has four crucial components: (1) a versatile structure building for appropriated re-routing, (2) dispersed re-routing estimations that use VANETs to vehicle accommodatingly enlist an individual alternative route for each vehicle that considers the incorporating vehiclesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ future ways. (3) security careful re-routing that on a very basic level decreases fragile area data presentation of the vehicles, and (4) upgrades to diminish the VANET overhead and henceforth improve vehicle-to-vehicle correspondence idleness. Re-Routing in VANET to keep away from congestion in the versatile environment by preserving security of client. Centralized System is not adaptable for expanding vehicles. Centralized System causes danger to the client protection No V2V security Emergence of Smart City programs in India Building In-App versatile minimal effort navigation Assigning separate course to every vehicle if there should be an occurrence of re-routing when congestion happens.. Protecting users privacy from server. Implementing security and credential management system among V2V communication Implementing hybrid model while communicating with server i.e. direct Vehicle- to-Server or Vehicle to RSU to Server communication. 5.1 Existing Vehicle Routing Services Projects, for instance, Mobile Millennium [14], CarTel , JamBayes , Nericell ,and surface street estimation [4] vehicle test data accumulated from vehicle on-board GPS devices to change the state of development and gage most constrained travel time. The proposed investigate moves past this idea: instead of investigating the achievability and precision of using PDAs as action sensors, this wander focuses on using that information to recommend courses more splendidly, in this way, fulfilling better adequacy to the extent keeping up a key separation from blockage and diminishing travel time. Organizations, for instance, INRIX [3] give continuous development information at a particular passing precision, which licenses drivers to pick elective courses if they are showing lower travel times. According to Wardrops first action concordance standard [6], this could incite to a customer perfect development adjust. It is known, in any case, that no real adjust can be found under stop up. A cou ple of exercises have been take in the headings of envisioning whole deal discontinuous and transient non-tedious blockages [4]. In any case, the handiness of these applications is in like manner confined: (i) they have exact information generally about interstates and along these lines are not particularly important for city development, and (ii) they cant keep up a key separation from stops up and, meanwhile, it is understood that no certified concordance can be found under blockage [3]. Non-repetitive blockages which address the greater part of all obstructs [8], are especially unsafe as drivers cant use their expert travel times to oversee them. 5.2 Location Privacy Protection There is reliably an trade-off among security and information sharing or disclosure. On the one side, the measure of the information collected particularly impacts the sufficiency of the system. Of course, information disclosure dismisses the all inclusive communitys security (e.g., region, heading). The request is the methods by which to evaluate the assurance and minimize the security spillage. Regarding the estimation, the work in explores the information spills in the question instruments of sorted out shared (P2P) obscure correspondence systems and how these breaks can be used to exchange off mystery. In the meantime, paper [14] described Self Exposure Risk Index (SERI) and External Exposure Risk Index (XERI) to assess the insurance spillage. Concerning region assurance, an unlimited variety of work spotlights on spatial covering to give k-namelessness, which guarantees a customer to be indistinct from at any rate k-1 others. The work in battles that both spatial and common estimations should be considered in the figuring to achieve better k-mystery, where a structure is proposed to engages each versatile client to show the base level of lack of definition that it needs and the most extraordinary transient and spatial strengths that it will recognize. Distinctive techniques can be used to fulfill impelled k-anonymity, for example, registers zone entropy while uses the prefix of the territory hash regard. To keep the zone taking after, achieves k-secrecy by implanting k-1 fake zone takes after. On an extremely essential level, k-obscurity reduces the way of the customers confinement, which is not material for steady region based organizations, for instance, persistent vehicle re-coordinating. The strategy in shows way perplexity approach which uses convenience desire to make a web of meeting ways, staying away from un-trusted zone based organizations from taking after customers while giving uncommonly corr ect constant region overhauls. A weakness careful way covering figuring is proposed in for sparing insurance in GPS takes after that can guarantee a level of security despite for customers driving in low-thickness domains. SCMS Manager: Ensures productive and reasonable operation of the SCMS, sets rules for checking on rowdiness and repudiation solicitations to guarantee that they are right as indicated by techniques. Certification Services: Provides data on which sorts of gadgets are guaranteed to get computerized testaments and indicates the affirmation procedure. CRL Store (CRLS): Stores and circulates CRLs. This is a basic go through capacity since CRLs are marked by the CRL Generator. CRL Broadcast (CRLB): Broadcasts the current CRL, might be done through Road Side Equipment (RSEs) or satellite radio framework, and so on. This is a go through capacity Device: An end-element gadget that sends BSMs, for instance On-Board Equipment (OBE) or After-market Safety Device (ASD). Device Configuration Manager (DCM): Provides confirmed data about SCMS part arrangement changes to gadgets, which may incorporate a segment changing its system address or testament, or handing-off approach choices issued by the SCMS Manager. It is likewise used to confirm the Enrollment CA that a gadget is qualified to get enlistment authentications. Enrollment CA (ECA): Issues enlistment endorsements, which go about as an international ID for the gadget and can be utilized to demand pen name. Diverse ECAs may issue enlistment declarations for various geographic areas, makers, or gadget sorts. Linkage Authority (LA): Generates linkage values, which are utilized as a part of the endorsements and bolster effective repudiation. There are two LAs in the SCMS, alluded to as LAl and LA2. The part keeps the administrator of a LA from connecting endorsements having a place with a specific gadget. Location Obscurer Proxy (LOP): Hides the area of the asking for gadget by changing source locations, and in this manner forestalls connecting of system locations to areas. Furthermore, when sending data to the Misbehavior Authority (MA), the LOP rearranges the reports to keep the MA from deciding the journalists courses. Misbehavior Authority (MA): Processes rowdiness reports to recognize potential bad conduct by gadgets, and if essential disavows and adds gadgets to the CRL. It likewise starts the way toward connecting a testament identifier to the relating enlistment endorsements, and adding-the enlistment authentication to an interior boycott. The MA contains three subcomponents: Internal Blacklist Manager (IBLM), which sends data required for upgrading the inner boycott to the RA; Global Detection (GD), which figures out which gadgets are making trouble; and CRL Generator (CRLG), which issues endorsement disavowal records to the outside world. Pseudonym CA (PCA): Issues here and now (nom de plume) to gadgets. Individual PCAs may, for instance, be constrained to a specific geographic area, a specific producer, or a kind of gadgets. Registration Authority (RA): Validates, procedures, and advances demands for nom de plume to PCA. Request Coordination (RC): Ensures that a gadget does not ask for more than one arrangement of endorsements for a given era. It facilitates exercises between various RAs, and is just required if a gadget could ask for authentications from different RAs Fig. 1. System Architecture A hybrid configuration is proposed to execute DIVERT as showed up in Figure 4.1. The building is made out of a central server and an item stack running on an on-board contraption (e.g., a propelled cell phone) in every taking an intrigue vehicle. This structure uses two sorts of correspondence. The vehicles talk with the server over a 3/4G framework to report adjacent movement thickness data and to get the overall action thickness in the road orchestrate. The vehicles report data as showed by a security careful estimation . In like manner, the vehicles that are firmly found speak with each other over VANETs to choose the area development thickness, to scatter the movement data got from the server, and to execute a spread re-coordinating method. The server uses the vehicle action reports to gather a correct and overall point of view of the road sort out development. The framework is addressed as an organized graph where each edge looks at to a road divide. In addition, each edge has related a dynamic weight addressing the constant action thickness on the edge. A road segment is considered to show signs of stop up when the action thickness is more conspicuous than an edge regard. Each time new road pieces give blockage suggestions, the server uploads a partly weighted diagram (i.e., simply the edges having a travel time not the same as the free stream travel time) to the cars that reported starting at late and are close to the obstruct parcels. The exhorted vehicles dissipate the information (i.e., development graph and vehicle course) in their territories with a set number of ricochets to keep up a key separation from over the top flooding. The dispersal furthermore has a timeout, which is an unfaltering parameter in the system. Exactly when the time is up, in perspective of the movement graph and course information shared by various vehicles, each vehicle, whose present way crosses the stop up spot, locally forms another course to its objective. While speaking with vehicles the vehicles affirm the mechanized verification of the get-togeth er then simply its starts granting. Vehicles in like manner report getting acting up vehicle in structure if found, with the objective that system can affirm it and can discard its statement. Each vehicle sends underwriting when talking with the server as this can disentangle the issue of non-disavowal of message. Fig.2. SCMS Architecture Due traffic re-routing, vehicle travel time and fuel consumption gets lowered. As vehicle are connected it enables other Location based service Traffic is controlled and managed in more efficient manner. It helps in traffic monitoring VANET-based Emergency Vehicle Warning System Traffic light preemption for Emergency Vehicle Vehicle break down notification leads to avoiding accidents Car Upper/Dipper alerts while turning. Crash avoidance 360 vehicle awareness. Intersection movement assistance. Do not pass warning. 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